The American :: essays research papers

At night I toss and turn watching my minds replay of mess jumping out of the WTC, a hundred stories up. I hold back tears at every US flag flying at half-mast, at every sign of solidarity. I campaign to talk, to smile, to hope. Im explosive. My fury is the rumbling building my heart pumps jet fuel. My mind burns and tears at the walls of reality, and my world crumbles. All that is left is a bent and smoldering fury and not a soul upon which to direct it. War. Our flag waves war. Red, war. White, war. Blue, war. I see war in our faces. I hear war in our voices. It parades down streets, it titles our resolve New War. I have heard citizens call for war, my father de opusd war, my farming declare war. My humanity screams war And then falters without a guilty people, without a guilty country, without a guilty religion upon which to wage it. Yet I struggle to find an enemy we all struggle to find an enemy to rise against and crumble. I want to destroy their cause, their existence. I w ant to rage. But I am left unaided to commune with my country, the world -- humanity. We weep amidst rubble and smoke, death and fear. We weep at the tragedy we weep without justice.Do we strike? Bomb Afghanistan, betray the Taliban, bomb countries that may have transgressed against us? There is our war Do we not have the greatest power in the world? Our might is legendary. Our power, beyond challenge. Why should we entertain repose, even for a moment? Let us strike first and then consider Why find the Terrorist who wielded destruction on America? Are they all not to blame? Why wait? We know who they are we know where they are. So, let us bring the mighty hand of America upon their doubtful heads and shatter them into a green pieces like so much sand in the wind. But is that not what we should fear? From one hateful group, we spawn a thousand. In one death a thousand stand furious, determined. Will not their violence reap violence a thousand fold? And thus we will be forced to f ight them all, tens of thousands, and one by one a thousand born.And should we believe that a single man could do so much? As if terrorism sprouted from a single soul whose removal would allow tranquilitys return?

These three poems are all based upon time, they all show time passing :: English Literature

These three poems are entirely based upon snip, they all show time passing and how it do human life and nature. to his overmodestThese three poems are all based upon time, they all show time passingand how it effects human life and nature. to his coy mistress showstime passing as the poet tries to say that time doesnt last forever ,and that you should make the most if youth, because ane day it willall be over and you will be considerting old. to the virgins make much oftime also shows a very similar approach of how you should make themost.Ozymandias shows time passing by saying that structures willout do people and that nothing can prevent time stopping, eventuallyit will catch up on us all.The poem to his coy mistress is a poem of great passion to ask the fair sex if she will date him and also go to bed with him. It is a poemof originality and the language used in the poem is very soft textureand content. The poem is split up into three sections one part isif, the second part is but, and the last part is in that respectfore. Alltheses show a different view of how he is persuading her to do allthese things. The rhythm and create verbally of the poem to reinforce thearguments a used by rhyming couplets, which create a light heartedapproach on the poem. The first two lines of the poem rival to thesubject of time by saying, that if there was enough time and if lifewas longer then we could see much more things and, do more things with from each one other, it also uses the word crime which I used to show that itis no crime for us to do things together. The third and fourth linesshow the man and the woman and how they could live their lives withoutrushing, because life would be longer than before. On lines 5-7 thepoet compares the woman to the Ganges and himself to the Humber isused as a tone of mockery and is meant to be a joke. limit 10 shows the flood which is a biblical reference showing thathe will love her even before this point. On line 23-25 it shows howshe will get old very quick and that you should make the most of yourlife, because one day it will be forgotten and your beauty will havefaded. On lines 28-29 there are stops before the end, this is the poet

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Essays -- Evaluation Methods

IntroductionThis essay aims to cover two main focus points. The first section of this essay will give an in depth look at the major differences between two investigate manners Qualitative and quantitative. I will explore when and why they are utilize for specific types of research and how they apply to some types of work more effectively. The second area for this essay will be based around the research question- what factors impart to you feeling anxious during sport or exercise? I will then go on to show that the best method to use to learn this will be by using qualitative research, and then how it can be applied to it to extract all relevant information from it.Qualitative and Quantitative Research MethodsThe qualitative and quantitative research methods are divided by many fundamental differences. You could suggest that these two research methods represent the two unlike ends of a linear spectrum. Qualitative research looks to deal with the in depth, word based side of res earch whereas on the other end of the spectrum quantitative research works predominantly with number based research and statistics. Birley and Moreland (1998) support this by saying that the two methodologies reflect various paradigms and that the theoretical model that each method uses to conduct the research come from different areas. Qualitative research involves the consideration of emotions and thought processes concerning certain situations, whilst quantitative data collection sets about using statistics and poem to determine the results (Mosbys Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Professions). In addition, qualitative research gives a more detailed view of a situation compared to quantitative, which only collects discrete d... ... European Journal of Sport Science. 8 (3), p143. Holt, N.L and Mandigo, J.L. (2004). Coping with performance worries among youth male cricket players. Journal of sport behaviour. 27 (1) p39-57Kerr, J and Grange, P. (2010). Physical aggression in Australian football A qualitative study of elite athletes. Psychology of Sport & Exercise. P11Open Coding (No date). Available from http//www.researchproposalsforhealthprofessionals.com/open_coding.htm(06/03/12)Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. yard Oaks,CA Sage. quantitative analysis 2009, in Mosbys Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Professions, Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USASilverman, D (2006) What is qualitative research?. Interpreting qualitative data methods for analyzing talk, school text and interaction. 3rd ed., London Sage. p.48

Tools of the Trade :: Mother Tongue Amy Tan Language Essays

Tools of the Trade To many people, language was not seen as a word form of communication, but as a barrier that cut them off from the world. This was a common problem for people coming from other countries or who grew up chthonian privileged. Amy false topaz and Jimmy Santiago Baca each tell a personal story of how they overcame their own language obstacles. Tan struggled with her beats broken English. Baca had to be given most of his young invigoration facing prison and illiteracy. As they went through their experiences with speech, they defied stereotypes and became successful. Even though each story is told from a different situational point of view, they need a similar nitty-gritty. Amy Tans short article called Mother Tongue shows a limitation in speech does not necessarily recall a limitation on life. She tells the story of how her grow changed her view on language. While giving a well practiced speech, she realized that the speech sounded wrong. Having her mother in the audience gave her this feeling of doubt. Recently, I was made keenly aware of the different Englishes I do use (Tan 35). Throughout Tans life shes had to overcome several difficulties that her mothers limited English have brought upon her. She would take on her mothers responsibilities of communicating with other people. Her mothers language dependency on Tan made her feel embarrassed. Most Asian people were advised to go into engineering because of their improper English. Tan felt this label was placed on her as well. As she grew up she saw her peoples stereotypes as a reason to try for something deemed unreachable. Fortunately, I happen to be rebellious in nature and enjoy the challenge of disproving assumptions made about me (Tan 39). She became an English major her first year of college and started writing illustration in 1985. Tan conquered an assumption put on her by others and even herself. Tans article appealed to emotions and has logic because she shared her story and backed it up with how people treated her and her mother. She showed boldness by writing her article and giving her courage to others. Jimmy Santiago Baca wrote Coming into Language to send a message of encouragement to people who are facing illiteracy and are seeing it as a dead end.

Comparing Emersons Self-Reliance and Dunbars We Wear the Mask :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

study Emersons Self-Reliance and Dunbars We Wear the bury In Self-Reliance, Ralph Waldo Emerson condemns false appearances. Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the masque also supports this belief. However, there is a difference in the views of these two works. Emerson believes that people tail assembly shed their false social appearances and live a life authoritative to themselves and others. Conversely, Dunbar thinks these pretenses are necessary. The authors word choices and images support this argument. Ralph Waldo Emersons Self-Reliance expresses his striving for individuality, rebellion against authority, and rejection of false social appearances. This is shown through his non-conformist writing style and ideas. On page 1034, Emerson states Society is a joint-stock company in which the members agree for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and assimilation of the eater. To me, this image is of people giving up what they believe so the y base protect themselves. Securing is making something safe or free from risk of loss, so securing of his bread could symbolize a person protecting their feelings or focalize in society. The price for this is to surrender the liberty and conclusion. So, in order to protect themselves people must surrender or give up their liberty (freedom) and culture (beliefs). Emerson also states that virtues are penances...Their works are done as an apology or extenuation of their living in the world(p. 1035). Virtue is righteousness spot a penance is an act to show sorrow for a wrongdoing. Works refer to chores or efforts at righteousness. Apology means regret and extenuate can mean to cover up. Living in the world could be symbolic of the lying and deceit that people do in everyday life. Therefore, people pains to appear righteous in order to make up for, or cover up, the bad things that they do. On page 1036 Emerson says, We come to wear one make do of face and figure. This sounds s ymbolically like putting on a mask or false appearance. Later, on the same page, Emerson talks about the forced make a face which we put on in company. Forced means to strain or produce with effort. Consequently, this pull a face we put on in public is not slow shown, as received emotions would be, but produced difficultly as if it was fake or not true. Emerson does not subscribe to this outward falseness or the desire to appear righteous.Comparing Emersons Self-Reliance and Dunbars We Wear the Mask Comparison Compare Contrast EssaysComparing Emersons Self-Reliance and Dunbars We Wear the Mask In Self-Reliance, Ralph Waldo Emerson condemns false appearances. Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask also supports this belief. However, there is a difference in the views of these two works. Emerson believes that people can shed their false social appearances and live a life true to themselves and others. Conversely, Dunbar thinks these pretenses are necessary. The authors word choices and images support this argument. Ralph Waldo Emersons Self-Reliance expresses his striving for individuality, rebellion against authority, and rejection of false social appearances. This is shown through his non-conformist writing style and ideas. On page 1034, Emerson states Society is a joint-stock company in which the members agree for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and culture of the eater. To me, this image is of people giving up what they believe so they can protect themselves. Securing is making something safe or free from risk of loss, so securing of his bread could symbolize a person protecting their feelings or bottom in society. The price for this is to surrender the liberty and culture. So, in order to protect themselves people must surrender or give up their liberty (freedom) and culture (beliefs). Emerson also states that virtues are penances...Their works are done as an apology or extenuation of their livin g in the world(p. 1035). Virtue is righteousness duration a penance is an act to show sorrow for a wrongdoing. Works refer to chores or efforts at righteousness. Apology means regret and extenuate can mean to cover up. Living in the world could be symbolic of the lying and deceit that people do in everyday life. Therefore, people comminute to appear righteous in order to make up for, or cover up, the bad things that they do. On page 1036 Emerson says, We come to wear one course of face and figure. This sounds symbolically like putting on a mask or false appearance. Later, on the same page, Emerson talks about the forced smile which we put on in company. Forced means to strain or produce with effort. Consequently, this smile we put on in public is not tardily shown, as true emotions would be, but produced difficultly as if it was fake or not true. Emerson does not subscribe to this outward falseness or the desire to appear righteous.

Comparing Emersons Self-Reliance and Dunbars We Wear the Mask :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing Emersons Self-Reliance and Dunbars We Wear the block out In Self-Reliance, Ralph Waldo Emerson condemns false appearances. Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask also fight backs this belief. However, there is a difference in the views of these two flora. Emerson believes that people can shed their false social appearances and live a life true to themselves and others. Conversely, Dunbar thinks these pretenses are necessary. The authors word choices and images expect this argument. Ralph Waldo Emersons Self-Reliance expresses his striving for individuality, rebellion against authority, and rejection of false social appearances. This is shown through his non-conformist writing style and ideas. On page 1034, Emerson states Society is a joint-stock company in which the members control for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to crepuscule the liberty and culture of the eater. To me, this image is of people giving up what they believe so they can prote ct themselves. Securing is devising something safe or free from risk of loss, so securing of his bread could symbolize a person protecting their feelings or place in society. The price for this is to dip the liberty and culture. So, in order to protect themselves people must surrender or give up their liberty (freedom) and culture (beliefs). Emerson also states that virtues are penances...Their kit and caboodle are done as an apology or extenuation of their living in the world(p. 1035). Virtue is righteousness while a penance is an present to show sorrow for a wrongdoing. Works refer to chores or efforts at righteousness. Apology means regret and extenuate can mean to cover up. animate in the world could be symbolic of the lying and deceit that people do in everyday life. Therefore, people labor to appear righteous in order to make up for, or cover up, the bad things that they do. On page 1036 Emerson says, We come to wear one cut of face and figure. This sounds symbolicall y handle putting on a mask or false appearance. Later, on the same page, Emerson talks about the forced smile which we put on in company. Forced means to strain or produce with effort. Consequently, this smile we put on in public is not easily shown, as true emotions would be, plainly produced difficultly as if it was fake or not true. Emerson does not subscribe to this outward falseness or the desire to appear righteous.Comparing Emersons Self-Reliance and Dunbars We Wear the Mask Comparison Compare Contrast EssaysComparing Emersons Self-Reliance and Dunbars We Wear the Mask In Self-Reliance, Ralph Waldo Emerson condemns false appearances. Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask also supports this belief. However, there is a difference in the views of these two works. Emerson believes that people can shed their false social appearances and live a life true to themselves and others. Conversely, Dunbar thinks these pretenses are necessary. The authors word choices and images support this argument. Ralph Waldo Emersons Self-Reliance expresses his striving for individuality, rebellion against authority, and rejection of false social appearances. This is shown through his non-conformist writing style and ideas. On page 1034, Emerson states Society is a joint-stock company in which the members allot for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and culture of the eater. To me, this image is of people giving up what they believe so they can protect themselves. Securing is making something safe or free from risk of loss, so securing of his bread could symbolize a person protecting their feelings or place in society. The price for this is to surrender the liberty and culture. So, in order to protect themselves people must surrender or give up their liberty (freedom) and culture (beliefs). Emerson also states that virtues are penances...Their works are done as an apology or extenuation of their living in the world(p. 103 5). Virtue is righteousness while a penance is an dress to show sorrow for a wrongdoing. Works refer to chores or efforts at righteousness. Apology means regret and extenuate can mean to cover up. invigoration in the world could be symbolic of the lying and deceit that people do in everyday life. Therefore, people labor to appear righteous in order to make up for, or cover up, the bad things that they do. On page 1036 Emerson says, We come to wear one cut of face and figure. This sounds symbolically same(p) putting on a mask or false appearance. Later, on the same page, Emerson talks about the forced smile which we put on in company. Forced means to strain or produce with effort. Consequently, this smile we put on in public is not easily shown, as true emotions would be, tho produced difficultly as if it was fake or not true. Emerson does not subscribe to this outward falseness or the desire to appear righteous.

Is Rationalisation A Desireable Strategy For Junction Hotel

This prove will be discussing the affects that Junction Hotel would sustain if they were to implement rationalisation as a strategy. Julien Freund (1968) defines rationalisation as the organization of life through a division and coordination of activities on the basis of exact study of mens dealing with each other, with their tools and their environment, for the purpose of achieving greater susceptibility and productivity. Junction Hotel has recently suffered a fall in node demand due to the current economic ceding back with a new owner and uncertain hierarchical roles within the hotel, their r even soue is decreasing rapidly.Through the use of rationalisation, the hotel overall may become to a greater extent efficient and trim down addresss. that, this strategy may agree a negative effect on the staff, causing some staff members to become demotivated and inefficient. After sundry(a) ownership changes the hotel is now owned by second chance consortium, run by rail line entrepreneur Simon Chance. The entrepreneur has analysed the current hotels condition, including all staff members and has highlighted the high amount of tension levels and confusion in management within departments.This creates a negative effect as staff members take situations into their own control. Further evaluating Junction Hotels poor pecking order structure has caused unnecessary amounts of pressure around the organisation and confusion within the staff as to who their boss actually is. The implications of an unorganised structure of the Junction Hotel have occurred over epoch al first-class honours degreeing Simon Chance to come to a conclusion that a new change and strategy inescapably to be applied thus throughout the essay the strategy of rationalisation will be analysed in terms of its reflectedefficiency within the business.Rationalisation towards the Junction Hotel organisation as a method itself nookie ply a affirmatory outlook for a strategy as it links to bur eaucracy which provides more than(prenominal) of a hierarchical structure, a key fundamental instalment in which the organisation is lacking. This is easy noticeable in junction hotel by such things as, the current general manager Meg never applying an organisational chart towards the business as she sees it unnecessary by having a social leadership style.Rationalisation has been a desirable strategy to an extent for many organisations. An fount is Henry Ford (1950) who created the meeting place line approach, where products were able to be sent down an assembly line in smaller parts in order to break down a larger process, this allowed production speeds to emergence through a more efficient manner. Fords possible action implied that using rationalisation would debase overall cost through lean production. Lean production is a process thats aim is to eliminate any waste, Petterson (2009).The idea is that experienced and trained employees perform repetitive tasks through perf ected techniques within their job roles meaning waste would be minimal in that locationfore reducing costs spent on materials. This method canister be applied to Junction Hotel too, for shell in the kitchen the repetition of cooking and preparing food in an assembly line approach will avail increase efficiency and speed up the process without having a negative effect on quality, thus through the use of lean production the hotel can reduce cost per customer and reduce waste.another(prenominal) excellent example of this is the worldwide organisation McDonalds where Rationalisation has a more sociological term as Mcdonaldization which was number 1 introduced towards food restaurants by Ray Kroc (1950) this gives us an insight to how McDonalds has similarities towards Henry Fords production methods. Although analysing rationalisation as a concept shows clear advantages, there can be authority drawbacks that some theorists may argue. Morgan (2006) also evaluated rationalisation in his articles thinking of organisations more as machines in a semiautonomous manner fashioning employees behave as if they were parts of machines.Analysing a more humanist approach he argued how treating people as a machine is degrading towards the human spirit. moreover Elton mayo (1984) investigated against rationalisation approach using the Hawthorne experiments concluding how managers or observers aswell as colleagues can affect how well people hunt. Morgan (2006) also looked into human minds and behaviour and argued that even though machines have an everyday use in society negative effects can occur such as affecting the human spirit in routinized activities.Rationalisation as an approach towards Junction Hotel can show its advantages in efficiency levels however even efficiency is not always touch on in a positive way as Ritzer (2011) explains using the organisation McDonalds as his focus, constructing social theories in the organisation virtually how peoples creativity can be restrained in the repetitive workforce. Ritzer (2011) explains his speculation upon how somebodys in the workplace be affected by a more psychological perspective.Thinking about the rationalisation approach towards the Junction Hotel may not only limit staff members creativity, but make the current workplace more repetitive and therefrom dull. Increasing managing customers in an efficient time may also create a negative affect by increasing the work load per mortal present. Further negative effects from this may also demotivate staff members and cause higher strain levels, already currently indicated from Junction Hotel by the proxy manager Linda Wilkinson.A rationalisation approach towards Junction Hotel as its own concept can show many negative implications however to analyse and overcome the potential disadvantages, linking motivation and reputation theories can help manage an overall more efficient approach. Rationalisation can create a dull and repetitive workfor ce. To help overcome this, fiscal motivational techniques can be applied such as piece pay addressed by Cheung (1982), as a icy amount of workers motivated by the level of output they produce per employee. However this is only an effective approach if money is the element of motivation.Further examples of motivation by monetary factors can be bonuses or commission which apply mainly towards sales roles, also motivation can be used with allowances which can include jaunt as a reward or even medical, to also help show the organisation c ares about the well-being of their employees. The examples sound discussed show motivational techniques and attribute more time into applying effort towards the Junction Hotels employee job satisfaction however they can also be ineffective if they are not applied efficiently.An example can be simply advertising a reward appropriately to employees as the reward scheme could not seem as encouraging, initially just decreasing the business profits. H owever advertising the bonus to show the appreciation, rewards individuals instead of gatherings so each member provides full contribution. Some further disadvantages to consider towards motivational techniques are employees may compare their pay with others creating a demotivating effect.However as the hotel is financially unstable it may not be wise to constantly use financial methods in order to save costs. There are also non-financial methods of motivation. Looking into methods from Kohn (1998) for motivational factors he has evaluated as a foresighteder lasting effect. Further examples are job enlargement to broaden tasks, this helps to reduce repetitive behaviour, job rotation to increase employees interest by moving employees through a setting of jobs and job enrichment to create greater responsibility and trust.Another example of a non-financial method is team working and empowerment, which will help communication within staff members therefore they can plan their work wi th problems that may occur in the working environment. Relating the non-financial motivational techniques towards Junction Hotel can create job satisfaction and a positive outlook from employees towards the company. However there can be limitations from different individual drumhead of views as Edward and Ryan (1972) discuss how human motivation requires consideration upon psychological needs to the approach therefore personality also links to motivational techniques.Various types of theories analyse motivational strategies including the famous Abraham Maslow (1964) hierarchy of needs. Maslows eight step model is a clear example of analysing motivation with personality by relating it to individual development. Being a humanist psychologist he relates the hierarchy example to realities of personal experiences. Another raise theory is Frederick Herzberg (1959) looking at views of satisfaction and dissatisfaction.Herzberg has a completely different theory compared to Maslow deciding to separate his theory into two which are hygiene factors that are more basic fundamental needs for motivation but are not long term and motivational factors for positive employee satisfaction and superior performance. Another theory to illustrate separating two fundamental theories are called the X and Y theory. The differences between the two theories are one management style applicable for individuals as an authoritarian management style also known as the X theory.This analyses a type of person that may need more force or punishment and needs to be directed. The second type of management style is participative management style known as the Y theory, which looks more into individuals that are by nature committed to the organisation and have their own self direction. Maslow, Herzberg and Douglas all have similar theories, finding the link between personality and motivation is an important factor to overall help increase efficiency from employees in the workplace aswell as creatin g job satisfaction from individuals.There are some criticisms to each theorist for example how Maslow theory is rather broad using his pyramid technique with assumptions that may not necessarily apply to everyone. Herzberg has initially provided a theory which has limitations. This is because although the theory will work a strategy it will vary upon individuals or external factors such as the environment or simply the mood that particular individual is notion that day . This means individuals can vary and become satisfied or dissatisfied at various days throughout the year because of emotions.At the same time criticisms of Douglas McGregorys theory (2006) were by his assumptions towards individuals that do not like to work or avoid work and the assumption individuals do not want responsibility. Although evaluating these criticisms about how Maslow, Herzberg and McGregory are fairly broad, they dont cover all aspects of individual perspectives in a workplace. However, it still prov ides a beneficial insight into trying to efficaciously manage employees, which can also be applied to benefit Junction Hotel.Furthermore there many types of theories which link towards motivation. A further theory is Process hypothesis and Content Theory. Process theory analysing a process that occurs within the individual, discussed by John Stacey Adams (1964) who proposed a theory base on individuals and their relationships with others, aswell as stress levels affecting work negatively. Content theory however defines motivation in terms of the individuals needs for satisfaction.This theory of motivation links more towards the previous theory of Maslows hierarchy of needs with job satisfaction and individual development. This can be applied to Junction Hotel to help the business acknowledge what motivates their employees to increase efficiency. From assessing various motivational theories individual differences have indicated personality is also an important factor within trying to improve job satisfaction for employees within the junction hotel. A further set of approaches when looking into personalities can be Nomothetic, ideographic, andsocialradical.The approach known as nomothetic is a psychologists study upon what we share with others and what makes the specific individual person unique. The nomothetic approach to personality discussed by Whitcomb and Merrell (2013), identifies personality traits and uses group data for its findings to help predict human behaviour and emotional variances, for example questionnaires. idiographic however by analysing uniqueness in individuals which were affected by past experiences, thus affecting the present behaviour in different situations.Idiographic is much more difficult to measure as there is so many various effects that can effect an individuals response. The social approach to personality is also an important factor as Kohn (1999) discusses individuals to be self- directed in their own orientation . This is an excellent example of a link towards Douglas and his Y theory, analysing course committed self-direction from individuals. Applying nomothetic idiographic or social radical theories towards Junction Hotel can improve the social relationship between staff members.The approaches to find the unique individual differences in the working environment can create a positive and comfortable atmosphere for employees, therefore improving motivation and efficiency within the working environment. Personality can be complex because of individual opinions between employees within the Junction Hotel, but it can also be affected by the situation. For example Kohlberg used his six stages of development to cover the personality changes, where when questioned and challenged he found it can provide more motivation.His stages reflect the broader viewpoints analysing each person in his study that is free to pursue his or her individual interests Crain (1985). The Junction Hotel can measure personality by various strategies such as observations, interviews, group activities and questionnaires however the two main types of collecting information when measuring personality can be quantitative and qualitative data. Qualitative data measures personality based on opinions and views, whereas quantitative data uses an analysis of statistical information.Quantitative data is a more measurable type of strategy because numbers can be easily calculated to provide an effective conclusion such as in a questionnaire, compared to qualitative data because people do not always respond in the same way in opinions. However both types of strategies can be criticised as false results can be produced because of personal and individual reasons. An example for this is false data from feedback that can be a result from embarrassment, creating an ineffective strategy.This shows because of individual complexity Junction hotel should use various methods as techniques to help measure personality traits. By rela ting personality changes to situations in the Junction Hotel it shows its importance by indicating the deputy managers stressful situation of proper overworked. This can affect the hotel negatively by allowing her to make poor decisions when in leadership of departments within the organisation. From an overall perspective using the strategy rationalisation as a concept can provide both advantages and disadvantages.The use of rationalisation would help increase consistency to Junction Hotel by creating a better hierarchy flow within the organisation to ensure any issues are dealt with more directly to managers, allowing staff to delegate their efficiency in the workplace. However, although the hotel will have an ameliorate organisational structure it is important to maximise efficiency by looking at employees perspectives to help eliminate the dehumanizing effect from rationalisation.This is improved by using motivational techniques for job satisfaction aswell using judgement on pe rsonality techniques, which is a key element in helping the managers improve their leadership styles aswell as providing a positive environment thus giving the hotel its prestigious and inviting image that Simon Chance has begun to develop, to which he has named as Golden Standard Service providing the hotel to thrive and become competitive. However by implementing rationalisation as a strategy judging by the location within a competitive city, Junction Hotel may become more of a routinized, predictable common franchise.To help increase long term efficiency the hotel must apply a better unique food marketing point therefore the use of rationalisation as a strategy can only be applied to an extent. Junction Hotel, located in London is the capital of the United Kingdom and therefore generates a broader wealthy sector of customers. Applying a unique selling point towards a wealthy target market can therefore help increase the Junction Hotel customer base, by obligeing to the main cu stomers behavioural characteristics that attract them to business.An example to help target this specific sector of customers is providing low cost luxury benefits and appearances within the hotel, for a more comforting stay. This increases the organisations opportunity to target upper class customers aswell as their unique selling point providing a competitive edge however, this contradicts rationalisation by altering customer needs in forms of luxury in order to maximise customer satisfaction.To conclude although personality and motivational factors can help increase efficiency from the routinized strategy of rationalisation, the strategy can only partially be used, as long term efficiency also determines external factors for a more effective approach. For long term efficiency and longevity for Junction Hotel as an organisation, the hotel would need to adapt to the individual personalities of employees within the organisation in order to drive motivation aswell as implementing a u nique selling point for a target market such as businessmen or women.

Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration Essay

Nowhere is good carriage more important than the administration of sinful legal expert. Lack of ethical behavior undermines the purpose of the unlawful justice establishment. The cost of unethical behavior bequeath be the downf alone of the criminal justice system and only by gaining a true meeting of what ethical behavior is and how to maintain it will the system bear to flourish. While the ethical standard individuals rebel through the years are important utilizing critical thinking skills ensuring ethical standards stay in place. Many people assume that untroubled ethical behavior is part of an individuals shufflingup but in reality ethical behavior is learned and therefore not the same for every one. Ethical and clean behavior begins developing from the time individuals are young and continues to develop and turn during adulthood.It is important to understand that the initial ethical values a person gains ordinarily come from the home environment and are highly in fluenced by the ethical behavior displayed by parents and family members. Should this life be impacted by crime and power then this behavior could become the norm and this individuals ethical values and standards would be outside of the societal norm. As individuals grow into adults life experiences continue to impact ethical and moral standards. Many people live by the assumption that while something may be unethical it is not unratified so no one cares but right and wrong do not always deal in legalities. Just because something is not illegal does not make it right. In the administration of criminal justice ethical considerations are the basis for the use of discretion, force, and due process required to make sound moral decisions.The memorise ethics helps understand the consequences of fulfils and the moral principles used. In the administration of criminal justice ethics must be a permanent part of management and polity making related to punishment. morality are also a vita l part of decision making in regards to rehabilitation, deterrence, and sentencing. Individuals working(a) in the field of criminal justice maintain authority over other individuals lives (Banks,2004). This power must not be taken lightly. These individuals must be aware of the power of the note and the ethical standards required when carrying out those duties. So how can the system ensure that individuals maintain ethical standards? fostering is the answer to ensuring ethical standards. Most individuals are unfastened to training and understand the necessity of maintaining ethical standards.The cost of legal fees, litigation and damages from claims of ethical violations could cost millions and it seems simpler to maintain training for staff than pay millions if claims. A recent increase in claims against officers for unethical behavior only substantiates this ideal even more (Eastvedt, 2008). It is important for professionals in the criminal justice field to understand the ethi cal framework where individuals gain their approach for decision making. The first concept is idealism where it is believed the desired outcome may be obtained through using the get hold of effect. The issue for these individuals is choosing the correction action in a given situation. The second concept is relativism. This concept is derived from the ideal that while the desired outcome is preferred, everything is relative to thoughtfulness and therefore undesirable outcomes are inevitable no matter the action taken.There are four approaches to ethical decision making and knowing these will help to identity the orientations of those whom you employ. Situationists believe that everything is relative and base the actions taken on the assessment of the situation. These individuals choose not to acknowledge the universal moral code or rules followed by society. Subjectivist also believe in the relative and reject societal codes however these individuals maintain personal moral princi ples used when assessing situations. Absolutists follow idealism accept that the best outcome is attained by following the universal moral principles. Exceptionists follow the same belief as absolutists with the slight difference. They believe that certain situations dispense with deviation from these beliefs (Bailey, 2009). Another important training module is critical thinking.Critical thinking helps individuals reason right from wrong to ensure good decision making skills. Critical thinking helps individuals make objective decisions when analyzing information. At the core of critical thinking are cognitive skills and affective dispositions. Cognitive skills are used during interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. Affectivedispositions require and individual to be inquisitive, maintain a concern for being well-informed, know when to employ critical thinking, be aware of ones own bias, and willingness to reconsider or revise when needed. Making an ethical decision does not occur instantly. Individuals usually have time to consider the action and any alternatives. This is where crimtial thinking plays an intricate part. Critical thinking allow the individual to consider what to believe or what action to take (Meisel & Fearon, 2006).The Williams Institute and the APPA are working together to introduce the compliance based model and responsibility based model into ethics training. The Williams Institute maintains a belief that ethical responsibility is not based on rules and codes rather relationships and responsibility for ones actions. By giving people the tools to make the right decisions, TWI believes that individuals will make the right decision. The first step is to get out fear from the decision making process and enable individuals to be responsible for the decision made (The Williams Institute, 2001). Ethics training for individuals in the field of criminal justice requires an understanding of individuals de ep down the field and the roles held.Individual within this field are analyzed and judged on the decisions made whether ethical or unethical. Discretion is required of all individuals in all areas within the system. Understanding of the discretionary roles of each person is vital to understanding how unethical issues can occur. Legislators have the power to define what is considered illegal and punishable under the law. Police officers have a great marrow of discretion during decision making on arrests, citations and investigations. Prosecutors often face the least amount of scrutiny based on the faith placed on them upholding the law. Prosecutors maintain discretion when filing charges, downgrading charges, influencing officers, and the death penalty.Judges maintain discretion over invocation bargains, sentencing, reviewing the law, and rules of evidence. Individuals working in corrections have discretion over probation, determining appropriate behavior, supervision of inmates an d parole. Each of these individuals has a responsibility for enforcing the law and protecting the rights of the constitution. Training for these individuals should include analytical skills and reasoning, and the ability to recognize the consequences of actions. The five goals that should be attained once the ethical training is completed are being aware and up to(p) to ethical issues,become personally responsible, develop critical thinking skills, understanding how the system often encourages coercion, and the exploring individual feelings (Drylie, J.).Individuals must learn to uphold the rights and liberties of the suspect, the interests of the community, and the law (Albanese, 2006). Ethics in the administration of criminal justice go hand in hand. Individuals who work in the field of criminal justice must maintain ethical integrity to ensure the law functions as designed. As individuals grow and take their place in the world the ethical and moral values from childhood change ba sed on life experiences. Knowing the ethical framework that people use to define their ethical outlook helps administrators develop a plan of action for working with these individuals. By providing training and education to individuals within the criminal justice field society can ensure those values are maintained within the system.ReferencesAlbanese, J., 2006, Professional Ethics in shepherds crook referee Being Ethical When No One is Looking, retrieved May 12, 2013 from http//www.thefreelibrary.com/Professional+Ethics+in+Criminal+Justice%3A+Being+Ethical+When+No+One+is-a0158093018Professional Ethics in Criminal Justice Being Ethical When No One is Looking. Strahlendorf, P., Professional Ethics, Ryerson University, School of occupational and Public Health, Session No. 174, Retrieved May 12, 2013 from http//www.bcsp.org/pdf/PresentationsArticles/714_1.pdf Banks, 2004, the Importance of Ethics in Criminal Justice, retrieved May 12, 2013 from http//www.sagepub.com/upm-data/4031_Ban ks_Chapter_1_Proof.pdf Drylie, J., Ethics in Criminal Justice, Week 1, CJ3750, Kean University, retrieved May 12, 2013 from http//www.kean.edu/jdrylie/docs/Microsoft%20PowerPoint%20-%20Ethics%20Week%201.pdf Eastvedt, Steven R., 2008, Criminal justice ethics- a view from the top, retrieved May 12, 2013 from http//www.corrections.com/news/article/20030 Meisel, S. I., & Fearon, D. S. (2006). Choose the future wisely Supporting better ethics through critical thinking. daybook of Management Education, 30(1), 149-176. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/195719245?accountid=35812

Impact of Second Great Awakening on Modern Society Essay

The punt abundant waking up laid the foundations of the development of present-day religious beliefs and establishments, moral quite a littles, and democratic ideals in the United States. inception foul in late eighteenth century and lasting until the middle of the nineteenth century,1 this Protestant awakening sought to reach out the un-churched and bring multitude to a much more personal and vivid experience of Christianity. Starting on the Southern frontier and soon spreading to the Northeast, the Second Great Awakening has also been associated as a response against the growing liberalism in religion skepticism, deism, and rational Christianity.2 Although the movement is well-known to be just a occlusion of religious revival, its tremendous effects cool off influence the nation even up to now. The lasting impacts of the revolution include the shift of the dominating Christian god from predestination to salvation for all, the emergence and festering of religious faction s, the escalation of involvement in secular affairs, and the shaping of the country into a more egalitarian society. These footprints left by the Second Great Awakening helped mold the States into what it is today. Contrary to the popular belief of predestination during the First Great Awakening, the Second Great Awakening emphasized salvation for all, which eventually replaced the former as the dominating Christian theology in America even up to now.3 During the American Revolution, the largest church denominations were the Quakers, the Congregationalists, and the Anglicans. These anterior denominations believed in a Calvinist theology called predestination. In basic terms, predestination exemplifies that perfection already predetermined from the beginning of time those who are saved from blaze and those who are not. However, this doctrine did not match the Revolutionary spirit of national and personal accomplishment. Thus, when the Second Great Awakening extended throughout the country, most post-war Americans prone strict notions of Calvinism and shifted to the Arminian theology of universal salvation through personal faith and devotional service.Instead of being predestined to either heaven or hell, this doctrine states that salvation can be acquired through faith by anyone people have the choice to either accept or reject Gods salvation.4 While traditional Calvinism had taught election into heaven depending solely on the will of God, evangelical Protestants preached that the rebirth and redemption of the soul rests on ones inner faith.5 In addition, the Arminian theology also taught the need to improve the world around us as a preparation for the Second approach shot of Jesus Christ. By sharing these concepts, religious reformers attracted just about everyone, mostly those in need of deliverance and economic activists. performes that adopted this theology, such as Baptists and Methodists, surpassed the anterior leading church factions. As of today, both are still the chief Protestant denominations in the United States.6 The spread of revivalism in the period of the Second Great Awakening led to the fueling growth of Christian denominations in America. Today, as the largest religion, not only in the United States but in the whole world, Christianity holds a great number of church denominations.7 Many of these denominations either experienced a significant boom of membership or trace their roots back in this era of re new-fashionedal. As the movement swept through southern Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee, congregations who garnered these numerous converts were the Methodist and Baptist. Both denominations were based on an elucidation of mans spiritual equality before God, which aided their goal to acquire more members and preachers from a varied range of classes and races.Also, since the south, at that time, had a predominantly rural providence and poorly developed infrastructures and establishments, religious organizations functi oned as a physical symbol of relief providing social stability for the populace.8 Camp meetings and missionary preachers were also primary reasons for the growth in the membership of both factions.9 With the idea of free will becoming prevalent, new denominations were produced by the movement. Two of these denominations were the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the African Methodist Episcopal. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints commonly known as Mormons was founded by Joseph Smith he was elysian to create a new church faction by the revivals he experienced in the western area of New York called the Burned Over District- implying it had been scorched by so many revivals.Although not regarded as a splinter off from an existing Protestant denomination but a restoration of primitive Christianity having distinctive post-biblical doctrines, the Mormon Church is now a flourishing, worldwide denomination. On the other hand, during the revivals, Baptists and Met hodists converted large numbers of blacks. However, because of the mistreatment they received from their fellow believers, under the leadership of Richard Allen, the black population skint away from the Methodist church while creating their own denomination the African Methodist Episcopal.10 Both churches mentioned above, having developed and sprouted out other denominations over the years, still stand even today. While new religious ideas fanned out and denominations proliferated, social activism, in response, also began to escalate.The Second Great Awakening stirred the substructure of many reform movements in belief to cure the ills and defects of the civilization before the anticipated Second Coming of Jesus Christ.11 Charles Finney, one of the most prominent attribute in the awakening, exhorted people to choose God, turn away from their sin and repent, and then work to make the world around them a little better. He inspired American Christians to open their eyes to the proble ms of the world. With the encouragements of revivalists such as Finney, social reforms started taking action. Advocates of the temperance movement, mostly women, condemned various effects of the role of alcohol in semipublic life.12 A revivalist named Lyman Beecher preached people to voluntarily discontinue drinking alcohol saying it could easily cause people to sin.Another secular issue tackled by the movement was thrall. Charles Finney proved to be not only an inspirational revivalist but also a devoted abolitionist he encouraged Christians to view slavery as a moral issue rather than a political or economic one. It took several years, but the abolitionists effort to end slavery in America paid off13 as shown by the 13th Amendment.14 Other reformers pursued the improvement of conditions in cities, prisons, and asylums. They aimed at helping deprived people to slim down on their own spiritual situation, rather than just their living conditions. The moral idea of improving the w orld around us are still followed by Americans, Christian or non-Christian, who still send out missionaries and donate more time and money to charitable works around the world.Social reforms in the Second Great Awakening became the platform for the rise of egalitarian rights in the society. For centuries, America embodied an unofficial hierarchy in which blacks, women, and children were degraded while white, male adults with home reigned. However, this idea began to crumble down as social activism increased. With the victory of the abolitionist movement, which was greatly strengthened by the movement, slavery was abolished thus, opening the door to the equality of races.And as women became more involved in charitable affairs, advocating the temperance movement and supporting abolitionists, the womens rights reform with a purpose to make women equal to men in the eyes of society and the law was established soon, they began advocating for their own right to vote. Educational reforms also rose up, resolved to make elementary school education authorization and free of cost in order to guarantee the broadening of educated citizens in the nation.15 These reforms, as evident in todays society, were thriving in preparing the step for the institution of equality in the United States irrespective of race, gender, or religion. Now the United States has become a place where everybody is equal in front of the law and for the most part in the eyes of society. Overall, the events driven by the Second Great Awakening steered the defining characteristics of the United States into a divergent direction.With the predominant theology of free will, the growth of diversified religious factions, the entwining of Christian values with civic values and involvement in worldly problems, and expanding of democratic ideals America has developed into the country it is right now. Although the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening has already cooled down, its legacy remains per manent.

Body – Traffic Jam

Chapter 1 Introduction 1. 1Origin of the root word This report has been prepared following the focussing of our course teacher Pro. Ali Akkas as a part of our course Business Communication under the EMBA program of Dhaka University. 1. 2 Objective of the report 1. wide of the mark objective To discuss affair jam, its causes and remedies 2. Specific objective -To discuss the effects of profession jam on environment and social life, -To be introduced with the port of relief from traffic jam. To find the way of upgrading the traffic systems . 3 Scope and Limitations of the report This report could have even more wealth and information. But, due to confine time, few information could be collected. More budgeting on this report could have given it a aristocratic look. In spite of these limitations, it has been tried to enrich this report by proper and authentic information. It has been tried to be rational with the real figure of traffic jam. It is believed that this report will h elp the follower to go for tho analysis. Chapter 02 Methodology 2. Population Parameters A parameter is a numerical summary of a population because populations have so many members, these can never be known except if a census is taken. 2. 2 Sampling Design In the theory of finite population sampling a sampling conception specifies for every possible taste its probability of being drawn. Mathematically a sampling design is denoted by the function P(S) which gives the probability of drawing a sample. 2. 3 Variables Covered Here we have included -urban traffic problems -suburban traffic problems high way traffic problems 2. 4 Methods of Data Collection There are four main methods of information collection. Census. A census is a study that obtains data from every member of a population. In closely studies, a census is not practical, because of the cost and/or time required. Sample survey. A sample survey is a study that obtains data from a subset of a population, in order to the me population attributes. Experiment. An experiment is a controlled study in which the researcher attempts to understand cause-and-effect relationships.The study is controlled in the sense that the researcher controls (1) how subjects are assigned to chemical assemblages and (2) which treatments each group receives. Observational study. Like experiments, observational studies attempt to understand cause-and-effect relationships. However, unlike experiments, the researcher is not able to control (1) how subjects are assigned to groups and/or (2) which treatments each group receives. 2. 5 Data Analysis Plan The appropriate methods of data analysis are determined by data types and variables of interest, the actual distribution of the variables, and the number of cases.Different analyses of the selfsame(prenominal) data set may reflect or represent different aspects of the underlying data structure. Once a plan has been established, it could contain any confederacy of the followin g types of data analysis strategies Exploratory This type of data analysis often occurs when a program is new, and it is unclear what to expect from the data. Descriptive The most commons type of data analysis, this approach will summarize your findings and describe the sample. Inferential Inferential statistics allow us to draw conclusions about the larger population from which the sample is drawn.These powerful techniques may be able demonstrate if a change has occurred as a result of your program. PDAs Statistics Division specializes in many sophisticated data analysis techniques. Chapter 3 trade Jam, Its Causes, Effects and Remedies 3. 1 Causes of Traffic Jam During experiment, it has been found that human error is a major cause of most frustrating kinds of traffic jams. ( Annexes I) In generally the traffic jams are causes by following reasons- -Dishonesty of traffic polices -Insufficient roads and highways. Poor communication system. -Too many vehicles -Low price give notice ( CNG) and available motor cars. -Traffic jams are usually caused because there must be an accident. -Most often, traffic jam are caused by those who drive too slow unceasingly end up compacting the faster drivers behind them -In rush hours when too many people start for destination. -Free parking here and there causes hindrance on traffic way -Some drivers tries to drive faster than the flow of traffic. -Some times drivers stop on the highway and causes a traffic jam. . 2 Traffic Jam Affects Society and environment Traffic jam affects the society in some of the ways below creates mental stress in the motorists paves way for wastage of fuel and wear & tear of vehicle parts which ultimately waste the money of the motorists becomes a cause for rash tearaway(a) and road accidents involving loss of lives makes the motorists to inhale lot of vehicular smoke emissions in a short period of time causing many diseases wasting time of motorists and passengersTraffic jam affect s the environment in some of the ways below force of fuel usage by idle running of vehicle engines in low speed is very low leading to wastage of fuel which ultimately results in over exploitation of fossil fuel reserves vehicles at low speed emit lot amount of carbon monoxide, unburnt fuel particles, suspended particulate matters and other pollutants into atmosphere causing air pollution more grave when vehicles start to move slowly, noise pollution is created by blowing horns by the motorists. 3. 3 Remedies to Traffic JamIncreased regulation would not work in practice. Regulation either requires more cops, which are an expensive kind of work force, or automated systems, which are unelaborated from a legal point of view. Technological solutions arent the way to go, either. They are predicated on the assumption that all (or enough) drivers would adopt this technology, which will be expensive and error-prone, and by chance encourage risky behavior. Traffic jams are a symptom of more vehicles than the planned carrying capacity of the roads. In order to prevent traffic jams -one method is to deoxidise the number of vehicles. Imposing disincentives (taxation, congestion fees) is one way, but offering sensible alternatives (mass transit, a functional passenger rail system, telecommuting) is smarter. -no hand held cell phones while driving. -controlling run of traffic more efficiently during rush hours (points to one idea, the classic slow down and keep a constant speed method). Chapter 4 Conclusion and good word 4. 1 Conclusion The present problem of traffic jam has not created by one day. For long unawareness and long time plan and comfortable number of traffic cause this.As Bangladesh is a developing country, it should be more aware of time and money. Not only this, as Bangladesh is a low rural area country, so it should be aware of green house gas. Traffic jam is killing time, wasting money, causing more green house gas. If we cant reduce traffic jam significantly we will be great looser. Our development may slow down due to traffic jam. 4. 2 tribute -We will have to go for long time plan to improve our roods and high way communication system. -Withdraw of old and slow vehicles. -Trained driver -Maintain LAN during driving -Use of dividerAnnexes-I Bottlenecks (traffic demand exceeds roadway capacity) 50% of total traffic jam Traffic incidents 25% of total traffic jam Work zones 15% of total traffic jam Bad weather 10% of total traffic jam Poor signal timing 5% of total traffic jam form - On an average major causes of traffic jam References 1.Text books Giltow, C. & Oppenhein, R. (1995). Management Tools and methods for improvement. Boston Irwin-Mcgraw-Hill. 2. Websites -HYPERLINK http//statisticssolutions. blogspot. com/2008/09/what-is-included-in-data-analysis-plan. html -http//wiki. answers. com/Q/What_causes_traffic_jams -http//wiki. answers. com/Q/What_are_some_ways_a_traffic_jam_affects_the_society_and_environment http//freakonomics. blogs. nytimes. com/2008/03/10/what-causes-traffic-jams-you/ http//www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0931283. htmlaxzz0wBBDMA5L